Introduction to Software.

 

What is a Program ?
A program is a set of instructions written in a programming language to perform a particular function or a task using the computer. Many programs combine together to form a software.

What is a Software ?
Software is a collection of programs or instructions that enable a user to interact with the computer or have the computer perform specific tasks for them. Computer cannot operate without a software.
e.g. :- Internet browser - To browse internet.
Word Processing - To type a letter.
Windows operating system - To operate.
A computer programmer or several computer programmers write the instructions using a programming language that tell programmers how to work. Once the coding of these programs are completed, they are compiled into a language that the computer can understand, which is called ‘machine readable’ language.
The most common programming language used for developing (coding) software are C, C++, Java, C#.

Classification to Software.
System Software – Controls the basis functions of a computer and comes usually pre installed with the machine.
Application Software – Handles a multitude of common and specialized tasks a user wants to perform, such as word processing, data bases, graphics, presentations, web browsing, spreadsheets, audio and video editing, publishing 3D modelling, etc.
A larger collection application software is called a Software Suit. It is related but independent programs and packages have a common user interface such as Microsoft Office, which consists of closely integrated word process, spreadsheet, database, etc…
E.g. :- Microsoft Office, Corel Wordperfect Office.
There are application software for ‘specific business needs’. These business application often come in suits.

E.g. :- Library management, Payroll system, production, Production of planning, Inventory management, Project management, Daily attendance and Leave Management.
Software is created with programming languages and related utilities, which may come in several of the above forms: single programs like script interpreters, packages containing a compiler, linker, and other tools; and large suites (often called IDE: Integrated Development Environments) that include editors, debuggers, and other tools for multiple languages.
E.g. :- Microsoft Visual Studio.

What is System Software ?
System software is responsible for controlling, integrating, and managing the individual hardware components of a computer system so that other software and the users of the system see it as a functional unit without having to be concerned with the low-level details such as transferring data from memory to disk, or rendering text onto a display. Generally, system consists of an operating system and some fundamental utilities such as disk formatters, file managers, text editors, user authentication (login) and management tools, and networking and device control software
E.g. :- Operating systems – (windows 10, Mac OS X , Linux)
Translators – (Compiler, Interpreter, Assembler)
Utilities – (Loader, Linkers, Link Editors)

What is an application software ?
Application software is a program which is designed to run under an operating system to accomplish specific task.
E.g. ;- Microsoft Word, Google Chrome, Windows Media Player, Adobe Photoshop, iTunes, Skype, Adobe dreamweaver, Corel Word Perfect.
Application software may consists of a single program, such as an image viewer: a small collection of programs (often called a software package) that work closely together to accomplish a task, such as a Spreadsheet or Word Processing system. Application software may be grouped along with system software or published alone.
Word processors will normally have the following capabilities built into them:
• Spell checking
• Standard layouts for normal documents
• Print the document.
E.g. :- Microsoft Word, Google docs

What is an Operating System ?
An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer. It manages the computer's memory, processes, and all of its software and hardware. It also allows you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the computer 'language'. OS is widely known system software of a computer.
E.g. :- Windows 10, Linux, Mac OS X

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